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CPU的指令集CISC和RISC[0]

Posted on 2023年11月14日 by

历史的长河里面,有过许许多多的CPU架构,它们之间的差异性非常大,经过时间、用户的检验,我们平常所接触到CPU架构也就剩X86和ARM两者,按照最核心的不同可以被分为两大类,即“复杂指令集”与“精简指令集”系统,也就是经常看到的“CISC”与“RISC”。

要了解X86和ARM CPU架构,就得先了解CISC复杂指令集和RISC精简指令集 ,因为它们第一个区别就是X86使用了复杂指令集(CISC),而后者使用精简指令集(RISC)。造成他们使用不同该指令集的原因在于,面向的设备、对象、性能要求是不一样。

精简指令集的设计思路可以想像成是一家流水线工厂,对指令数目和寻址方式都做了精简,使其实现更容易,指令并行执行程度更好,编译器的效率更高。RISC设计的根本原则——针对流水线化的处理器优化。

复杂指令集是指每个指令可执行若干低端操作,诸如从存储器读取、存储、和计算操作,全部集于单一指令之中。复杂指令集的特点是指令数目多而复杂,每条指令字长并不相等,电脑必须加以判读,并为此付出了性能的代价

手机SoC普遍都是采用ARM提供的核心作为基础,依据自身需求改变SoC的核心架构,而ARM正正是RISC精简指令集的代表人物。CPU巨头Intel、AMD所采用的X86架构已经沿用了数十年,是CISC复杂指令集的典型代表。

简单的理解就是,精简指令集通过重复的加法器来实现乘法,而复杂指令集就是直接设计一个乘法器。

 

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参考资料:

  1. https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E7%AE%80%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E9%9B%86
  2. https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%8D%E6%9D%82%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E9%9B%86
  3. https://levonfly.github.io/p/690c18bd.html

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