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转载——幸存者偏差[0]

Posted on 2023年11月14日 by
站长言:希望通过介绍“幸存者偏差”的概念,以消灭大家认知上的无法发现的根本性错误。

幸存者偏差(英语:survivorship bias),另译为“生存者偏差”,是一种逻辑谬误,选择偏差的一种。过度关注“幸存了某些经历”的人事物,忽略那些没有幸存的(可能因为无法观察到),造成错误的结论。

生存偏见可能导致过度乐观的信念,因为失败被忽略,例如当不再存在的公司被排除在财务业绩分析之外时。它也可能导致错误地认为一个群体的成功具有一些特殊属性,而不仅仅是巧合(相关证明了因果关系)。其谬论形式为:幸存过程B的个体A有特性C,因此任何个体幸存过程B需要有特性C。有特性C但无法幸存过程B的个体被忽略不加以讨论。

逻辑偏差在于只关注筛选结果做出评估,而忽略筛选条件与筛选机制等资讯。用俗语“死人不会说话”来解释其成因意指当取得资讯之管道,仅来自于幸存者时(因为无从由死者/淘汰者/离场者获得来源),此资讯可能会存在与实际情况不同之偏差。这种偏差可以导致各种错误结论。

参考资料:

  1. https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%80%96%E5%AD%98%E8%80%85%E5%81%8F%E5%B7%AE
  2. https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%B9%B8%E5%AD%98%E8%80%85%E5%81%8F%E5%B7%AE/10313799?fr=aladdin

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