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常见介质的比热容[0]

Posted on 2023年11月14日 by
  • 定义

比热容(英语:specific heat capacity,符号c),简称比热,亦称比热容量,是热力学中常用的一个物理量,表示物体吸热或散热能力,比热容越大,物体的吸热或散热能力越强。它指单位质量的某种物质升高或下降单位温度所吸收或放出的热量。其国际单位制中的单位是焦耳每千克开尔文[J/( kg · K )],即令1公斤的物质的温度上升1开尔文所需的能量。根据此定理,最基本便可得出以下公式:

其中Q是能量,单位是焦耳(J)。m是质量,单位是千克(kg)。 ΔT是温度变化,单位是开尔文(K)。

在工程应用上常用的包括:定压比热容Cp、定容比热容Cv和饱和状态比热容三种。

1.定压比热容Cp:是单位质量的物质在压力不变的条件下,温度升高或下降1℃或1K所吸收或放出的能量。
2.定容比热容Cv:是单位质量的物质在容积(体积)不变的条件下,温度升高或下降1℃或1K吸收或放出的内能。
3.饱和状态比热容:是单位质量的物质在某饱和状态时,温度升高或下降1℃或1K所吸收或放出的热量。

 

  • 常见介质的比热容

液压系统常见的液压油都属于矿物油,其比热容一般再1675-2093J/Kg/K

参考资料:

  1. https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/%E6%AF%94%E7%86%B1%E5%AE%B9
  2. 机械设计手册 第六版 成大先

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