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气泡油和气蚀[0]

Posted on 2023年11月14日 by
液压系统中气体的存在方式主要是两种,一种是溶解,一种是掺混。
  • 气体和液体混合的几种状态

下图显示了气体和液体存在的几种方式:

  1. 气体+水蒸汽(没有液体)
  2. 液体+气体+水蒸气
  3. 液体+空气+溶解的气体(无水蒸汽)
  4. 液体+溶解的气体

沸腾和气蚀现象的比较

液体中的气体或者水蒸气随着温度升高而分离叫沸腾
液体中的气体随着压力下降而分离叫气蚀
  • 溶解气体(气泡油)

溶解度变高,说明气态较少,者对于体积弹性模量的测试尤为重要,原因是常温常压下液压油中会溶解2%左右的空气,在压力变高的情况下,会增加气体的溶解,因此气体对于高压的弹性模量的测量影响较小。

关于Henry’s law

简单而言,在饱和压力之上气体全部溶解,在饱和压力之下,气体的溶解随着压力线性变化

  • 气蚀

气蚀现象或空洞现象,指的是在流动的液体中气相的空穴 – 亦即极小的无液体空间(“气泡”或“空隙”) – 产生与消灭的一种物理现象,是力作用在液体的结果。液体受到压力的快速改变时会产生空穴,此时的压力通常相当低,除了液体本身的蒸汽压,可以说是真空。当环境的压力变高,空穴分裂,产生强力的冲击波。

空穴现象是在工程环境中造成磨损的主要原因之一:在金属表面旁瓦解的空穴反复消灭,造成循环应力,将造成金属的表面疲劳。最常见的例子是泵的叶轮和弯曲处,此处最容易有液体瞬间的方向改变发生。空穴现象通常分为两种:惯性(或瞬态)空蚀和非惯性空蚀。

参考资料:

  1. https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/%E7%A9%BA%E7%A9%B4%E7%8F%BE%E8%B1%A1
  2. HYD Advanced Fluid Properties Technical bulletin n° 117
  3. 新编液压工程手册—雷天觉
  4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%27s_law

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