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转载——几种滤波器的比较(巴特沃斯、切比雪夫、贝塞尔滤波器)[0]

Posted on 2023年11月14日2023年11月14日 by
1数字滤波器是指完成信号滤波处理功能的,用有限精度算法实现的离散时间线性非时变系统,其输入是一组数字量,其输出是经过变换的另一组数字量。因此,它本身即可以是用数字硬件装配成的一台完成给定运算的专用数字计算机,也可以是将所需运算编成程序,让通用计算机来执行。数字滤波器具有稳定性高、精度高、灵活性大等优点。随着数字技术的发展,用数字技术实现滤波器的功能越来越受到人们的注意和广泛的应用。

2巴特沃斯滤波器的特点是通频带内的频率响应曲线最大限度平坦,没有起伏,而在阻频带则逐渐下降为零。 在振幅的对数对角频率的波特图上,从某一边界角频率开始,振幅随着角频率的增加而逐步减少,趋向负无穷大。巴特沃斯滤波器的频率特性曲线,无论在通带内还是阻带内都是频率的单调函数。因此,当通带的边界处满足指标要求时,通带内肯定会有裕量。所以,更有效的设计方法应该是将精确度均匀的分布在整个通带或阻带内,或者同时分布在两者之内。这样就可用较低阶数的系统满足要求。这可通过选择具有等波纹特性的逼近函数来达到。

3贝赛尔(Bessel)滤波器是具有最大平坦的群延迟(线性相位响应)的线性过滤器。贝赛尔滤波器常用在音频天桥系统中。模拟贝赛尔滤波器描绘为几乎横跨整个通频带的恒定的群延迟,因而在通频带上保持了被过滤的信号波形。贝塞尔(Bessel)滤波器具有最平坦的幅度和相位响应。带通(通常为用户关注区域)的相位响应近乎呈线性。Bessel滤波器可用于减少所有IIR滤波器固有的非线性相位失真。

4切比雪夫滤波器是在通带或阻带上频率响应幅度等波纹波动的滤波器,振幅特性在通带内是等波纹。在阻带内是单调的称为切比雪夫I型滤波器;振幅特性在通带内是单调的,在阻带内是等波纹的称为切比雪夫II型滤波器。采用何种形式的切比雪夫滤波器取决于实际用途。

当滤波器具有相同阶数时:
  巴特沃斯滤波器通带最平坦,阻带下降慢。
  切比雪夫滤波器通带等纹波,阻带下降较快。
  贝塞尔滤波器通带等纹波,阻带下降慢。也就是说幅频特性的选频特性最差。但是,贝塞尔滤波器具有最佳的线性相位特性。
  此外,还有椭圆滤波器,椭圆滤波器在通带等纹波(阻带平坦或等纹波),阻带下降最快。

参考资料:

  1. https://www.cnblogs.com/Kroner/p/6760010.html

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